英语作文的基本要求
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如小写字母i ，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的竖笔连在一起，显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，难以辨认。另外，把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
每篇作文都有一个标题，英语叫title,标题写在作文的第一行中间，和正文要间隔一行.如果用打字机或者打印机打出，那么每个字母都要大写，例如，A FRIDEN OF MINE.如果是手写，那么一些重要的词的第一个字母不大写，因为介词，连词，和冠词通过被认为是不重要的词，不必大写。
不可将标题写成斜体，不可在标题下加横线，也不可用引号或者括号，即使标题是一个完整的句子，也不可以在末尾加上句号，不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在莱曼英语所倡导的五种英语语言能力中，写作被认为是必修的重要课题之一。它既是英语学习短期目标——考试所要求的内容之一，又是英语学习的长期目标——交流所必需的能力之一。毋庸置疑，英语写作 是集基础知识，基本能力和课外信息于一身的综合体现，同时，又要兼顾到写作者高超的写作技巧。
因而，没有扎实的英语语法知识；没有长期不懈的训练；没有科学的方法指导；没有广博的课本以外的知识和信息，写好一篇优秀的英语作文是非常困难的。首先，一个段落必须有一个中心,即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题（stick or hold to the topic），这就是段落的统一性（unity）。
其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句
，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性（completeness or adequateness）。
再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，
而是有机的组合，句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅（smooth），这就是连贯性（coherence）。根据文章题目以及你所想要表示的意思下手，下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。
1、统一性
一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：
Joe and I decided to take the long trip which we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.
本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea（中心思想）是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences(不相干的句子)，一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段是讲的是Joe and I ，中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有，Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。再看一个例子：
My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.
本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit，但段中有两个irrelevant sentences，一个是I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是My mother was a premature baby。
从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。
2、完整性
正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：
Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work —— you produce something rather than more anxiety or depression.
本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是“a mind in turmoil”（心境不平静）Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：
It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousand words. Often writing is much clearer than a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure out what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always explain it.
段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话，就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：
It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousand words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can't swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better off to hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming "Help"?
3、连贯性（coherence）
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系；反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1）、意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A．按时间先后排列（chronological arrangement）
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours —— it must have been close to noon —— the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was our o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our Lucky day.
本段从“rose”（起床）写起，然后是吃早餐（“not to miss breakfast”, “closing at nine o'clock”），然后是“close to noon”，一直写到这一天结束（“By nine——”）。
B. 按位置远近排列（spatial arrangement）。例如：
From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处（“from a distance”）写起，然后“get closer”，再到（“ten feet away”），最后是“inside the pagoda”……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C. 按逻辑关系排列（logical arrangement）
a. 按重要性顺序排列（arrangement in order of importance）
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从“not need much skill”或“of little importance”到“more important”，最后是“most important”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specific arrangement）
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A —— the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个 "perhaps"加以例证。
c. 由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-general arrangement）
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2）、形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies —— in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语（transitional words or phrases），另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段（linking devices）。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his. 本段中共有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且对于学生在半个小时内写120个词也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 en211ago. Written language is arecent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的"it"之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences．
4、有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1、不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2、不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3、不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
英语作文的书写格式
英文的书写和移行
英文书写应符合书写规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母之间的距离要匀称。书写应做到字形秀丽漂亮，通篇匀称和谐。
写英文字母要掌握正确笔顺。如小写字母i ，应该先写下面的部分，然后再打点。有的学生却按写汉字的习惯从上到下写，写快了，就会把点和下面的竖笔连在一起，显得十分别扭。字形t应为两笔。不少人却将两笔合成一笔，看上去不像t，倒像l或是e，难以辨认。另外，把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h等等，都是中学生书写中常见的毛病。
不少人在四线三格的练习纸上书写尚有规矩，能按字母的占格、高低和大小要求书写，但在白纸或横线纸上书写，却显得十分幼稚拙劣。字母或跳上跳下，或一律写成同一高度，占上中两格的字母与占中下两格的字母完全没有高低之别。这些现象都要防止。
另外，书写时还要注意词与词之间要保持一定的距离，不能紧靠在一起。字母之间的连写也应该按照习惯，不能随意乱来。
在一篇字数有限的作文里，我们还要注意尽量不把一个单词拆开移行。万一要移行，则必须以音节为单位进行，如revolution这个词，依照音节移行的原则可以按re-，revo-, revolu-这几种方法移行。在移行时，我们还应特别注意以下几点:
1. 单音节词不能移行，即使是字母较多的单音节词，如through等也不能例外。
2．缩略词如Mr.、Dr.等不能和后面的名字拆开移行。 缩略的专用名词如U.K.(the United Kingdom)、U.S.A(United States of America)等也不能拆开移行。
3．时间、量度及货币单位应视为一个整体；不能分开移行。
如: 11：00 P.M. 应写在一行内，不能将11：00和PM.分开移行；写38℃时，不能将38和℃分开移行。
4．由“年、月、日”表示的日期。如果必须分开移行只能将“月、日”与“年”分开。如January 6，1980不能将January和6分开移行，但可以把January 6，和1980分成两行。
5．含双写辅音字母的单词，在移行时要将辅音字母拆开。如better可拆成better，necessary可拆成necessary。
但如果双写辅音字母属于词根，后面又加了后缀，就不能将两个辅音字母拆开。如drill加上-ing后构成了drilling，就不可以将它拆成dril-ling，而只能拆为drilling。
例文：
1.宠物：
A Talkative Parrot
A lady worked in a company. There were a lot of shops on her way to work. One morning, when she was walking to work, she passed by a new pet shop. She was so excited when she saw a parrot sitting beside the door. She really loved birds.
When she stopped to look at the handsome bird, it en211 to her, "Hey, lady, you are really ugly.”
This made the lady very angry. She quickly left the shop and went to work. On her way home, she passed the same pet shop again. This time the parrot saw her again, it said immediately:
"Hey lady, you are really ugly!"
The lady tried to control herself. She walked to the shopkeeper and told him that if the parrot said it again, she would have the police come and take it away. "I'm so sorry, madam. I promise it won't happen again," the shopkeeper said.
The next morning, when the lady walked past the pet shop, she pretended that she didn’t see it. But the parrot saw her at once and said to her quickly, "Hey lady."
She stopped and looked at the bird coldly. "Yes?" she answered in an angry voice.
The bird, sitting up straight and smiling at her, said, "You know."
2.人物：
Elizabeth Bennet （伊丽莎白）
The second daughter in the Bennet family, and the most intelligent and quick-witted, Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and Prejudice and one of the most well-known female characters in English literature. Her admirable qualities are numerous—she is lovely, clever, and, in a novel defined by dialogue, she converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable her to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Nevertheless, her sharp tongue and tendency to make hasty judgments often lead her astray; Pride and Prejudice is essentially the story of how she (and her true love, Darcy) overcome all obstacles—including their own personal failings—to find romantic happiness. Elizabeth must not only cope with a hopeless mother, a distant father, two badly behaved younger siblings, and several snobbish, antagonizing females, she must also overcome her own mistaken impressions of Darcy, which initially lead her to reject his proposals of marriage. Her Charms are sufficient to keep him interested, fortunately, while she navigates familial and social turmoil. As she gradually comes to recognize the nobility of Darcy’s character, she realizes the error of her initial prejudice against him.
Bennet家庭的第二个女儿和最聪明和机智，伊丽莎白是自豪感和偏见的主演和其中一个在英国文学的最知名的女性角色。 她令人敬佩的质量是numerous—she是可爱的，聪明，并且，在对话定义的小说，她一样精采地交谈象任何人。 她的诚实、美德和活泼的机智使她在胡话之上起来，并且弥漫她的坏行为类跳起和经常恶意的社会。 然而，她的伶俐的口舌和倾向经常做仓促评断带领她迷路; 自豪感和偏见本质上是故事她(和她真实的爱， 达西)怎样克服他们自己的个人failings—to发现浪漫幸福的所有obstacles—including。 伊丽莎白必须不仅应付一个绝望的母亲，一个遥远的父亲，二非常表现的更加年轻的兄弟姐妹，并且几位势利，对抗的女性，她必须也克服Darcy她自己的错误印象，最初带领她拒绝他的求婚。 而她驾驶家族和社会动乱，她魅力是充足保持他感兴趣，幸运地。 她慢慢来认识这个崇高的达西先生的性格,她意识到她的初始误差的偏见。
此外，写日记时不一定全用过去时，在表达思想的时候最好用一般现在时。
3,情感
作文格式
1．四边的距离
在书写时，上下左右要留有一定的空白距离。
2. 题目的写法
题目应写在第一行的中间，题目左右两边的空白距离大致相等。
题目的第一个单词的第一个字母必须大写。从第二个单词起，其中每个实义词的第一个字母大写，而冠词、介词和连词的第一个字母则一般小写。如：
A Day to Remember Let's Go in for Sports
写题目不要用括号或引号。题目后除了问号和感叹号之外，不加其它标点符号。
3．文章本体
文章第一段的第一行应与题目隔一行或两行。每段的开头一般应该缩格，即向右缩进约四个字母的间隔；单词与单词之间须留一个字母的间隔，句与句之间须留两个字母的间隔。假若每行的最后一个单词写不下，最好不要轻易拆字移行，可将该单词移到后一行去书写。书写时，不要因为一行末尾还有一点空间就把一个词的前半截硬塞在那里，造成非移行不可的局面。实际上，移行过多是书写、打字或排印质量不高的表现。不必过分地去追求右边的整齐，宁可多空一些，每行长短错落，要比移行过多看上去舒服。另需注意，在英语写作时每句结束语后不能使用“。”而要用“.”如若是英语考试，则每一次这样失误会扣掉1分。
英语作文写作技巧
英语考试作文试题的一个最大的特点就是时限性，即在有限的时间内（一般分配30分钟）按试题要求完成作文试题。有很多参试者最后交卷时作文题要么没有完成要么质量比较差，这其中当然有很多原因，但不可忽视的一点原因便是写作文时间不够来不及完成作文或来不及仔细思考写一篇合乎题目要求的文章。通过本次培训课程，各位可以学会一些减省写作时间的良方佳策。
英语作文试题一般要求字数在120字左右，段落一般为三段，因而有“三段论”一说。所谓“三段论”即全文分为三个自然段，一般结构为“首段摆事实（现象）、提观点（论点或问题），在这一部分参试者最好将题目要求中的第一个要点（一般为提出问题或观点）作为首段的内容之一；第二段剖析现象、分析论点，这也是全文的主体部分。在这一部分参试者需要将试题要求中的所有要点的内容都加以阐述和扩展，同时注意不要信马由缰的写一些与文章主题无关的内容以免被当作跑题处理；第三段为结论段，这一段的主要任务是为全文做一个结论性的终结，让文章显得完整和连贯。至于开头和结尾有无固定的套路可循，我们后面的讲解中将会接触到。
英语作文考试时注意的问题
审题最重要
1．认真审题立意
定文章之灵魂对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，必须具备4个条件：准确、鲜明、深刻、集中。
2．草拟提纲
打造文章之骨架审好题，立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好3件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词开拓思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的东西，可以是句子或单词词组，可以是英语或汉语。
3．写出段落主题句
理文章之脉络一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句。通常将段落主题句置于段落的开头，可使文章结构更清晰，有说服力。
4．参照提纲
紧扣主题句，完成各段落，充文章之血肉有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，从而完成各个段落。引导段要能引起读者的注意和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。
5.注意
进行这一步骤还需注意四方面问题：
1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题，不跑题。
2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。
3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间，段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。 增加文采小窍门: 如果说第一、二步是对文章的构思，第三、四步骤则是真正地“写”了，用词是否贴切，文法是否正确，句式是否多变，文采是否有生气，关系到写作者的语言功底和水平，但也有些窍门是需要长时间累积的。
4）平时多注重积累一些高级词汇也是很重要的
中考英语书面表达背诵范文
一、Great changes in my hometown
More than twenty years ago, my hometown was just a small , old and poor town. Most of people were farmers. There were few factories. The people didn’t have enough food to eat and wore old clothes. They had a hard life .
Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years . The people have found a lot of ways of making money . Now there are many tall buildings . They are very beautiful . Roads are wide and clean . People can take buses or drive their own cars to go to work . Many people have cell phones and personal computers. People’s living conditions have improved a lot . Thanks to the government’s efforts . my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .
二、Save the earth
How to protect the environment has become one of the biggest problems in the world .
It’s our duty to protect our environment . No matter where we live , we should do something to keep our neighborhood clean and tidy . We can collect waste paper or other waste things for recycling. We should plant more trees and we should prevent those factories from pouring waste water into rivers, lakes and fields. We shouldn’t leave rubbish everywhere and spit in public places . We mustn’t pick the flowers or step on the grass in public. If everyone tries his best to protect the environment , the world will become much more beautiful and our life will be better and better .
三、Improve our environment
Good environment can make people feel happy. To improve the environment means to qualify our life . What should we do to improve our environment ?
We should plant more trees . And we should prevent those factories from pouring waste water into rivers , lakes and fields . Whenever we see litter on the ground , we should pick it up and throw it into a dustbin . Don’t spit in public places . Don’t draw on public walls . It’s our duty to keep our earth clean and tidy .
四、Pollution around us
In recent years our life is becoming better and better. But our environment is becoming worse and worse. It’s very bad for our life. Now many people have air-conditioners and cars, they produce (give off ) waste gas. More and more trees are being cut down. There are so much sand on the earth (leaving only sand ) . We often see factories pour waste into rivers or lakes. Water in the river is quite dirty. We haven’t enough clean water to drink in cities. Now we are in danger. It’s very necessary and important to protect the environment well. I think if everyone tries his best to protect the environment, the world will become much more beautiful , and our life will be better and better .
五、Make our world more beautiful !
Protecting the environment is becoming more and more important to humans . It’s our duty to take care of the nature around us . Animals and plants are our best friends ., and we should share the world with them . We shouldn’t kill wild animals , and we must protect forests because they are animals’ home . We must plant more trees and grass , they can make the world greener . The more beautiful the world is, the happier lives we will have . Let’s do our best to make the world beautiful.
六、Keep our school clean
We are studying in this school. It is our duty to keep it clean and tidy. It is not good to spit in public places, such as in the library, in the class. We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there. Don’t draw pictures on the wall, they influence the look of our school . We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. And we should do some cleaning often. If everyone tries his best to do something useful for our school, I’m sure our school will be more beautiful .
七、My country life
I like to live in the countryside. I live in a small village. There is a river near it. Lots of trees are around my house. I can see a lot of farms and birds. There is less noise. The air here is cleaner and fresher. There are fewer cars. I read aloud early in the morning. When it is getting dark, the moon is bright in the sky. It’s very quiet . What a nice place I live in !
八、How to learn English well
As we know , English has become an international language. It is more popular than any other language in China . English is widely spoken in the world and it is the most useful language around the world . But how to learn it well ?
The best way is to use it all the time . If we can talk in English , think in English we can learn it well . At school , we should learn to hear , speak, read and write carefully . We should spend enough time in practicing English . If we keep on working hard at English , we will be able to be good at it one day .
九、How I learn English
Hello, everyone. It is my honor to talk with all of you about how to learn English well . I like English very much . I always preview and master the main idea of the lesson before class. In class , I listen carefully , speak loudly and write carefully and take notes if necessary . After class , I do my homework carefully . I watch English movies and listen to English songs . I have booked an English newspaper . It’s Times English Post , I can learn a lot from it . I am not afraid of remembering the new words because I master many good methods . I hope you work hard at English and make progress every day . That’s all .
十、How I improved my English
When I began to learn English, I was poor at it. I was quite worried at that time. Later I 1istened to the teacher attentively in class, and made notes carefully. If I had any question, I asked my English teacher or my classmates for help. Every morning I read the English texts aloud and listened to the English tapes. In the evening, after finishing my homework, I always read some English and magazines.
Now I am one of the best students at English in my class.
写作技巧
英语考试作文试题的一个最大的特点就是时限性，即在有限的时间内（一般分配30分钟）按试题要求完成作文试题。有很多参试者最后交卷时作文题要么没有完成要么质量比较差，这其中当然有很多原因，但不可忽视的一点原因便是写作文时间不够来不及完成作文或来不及仔细思考写一篇合乎题目要求的文章。通过本次培训课程，各位可以学会一些减省写作时间的良方佳策。
英语作文试题一般要求字数在120字左右，段落一般为三段，因而有“三段论”一说。所谓“三段论”即全文分为三个自然段，一般结构为“首段摆事实（现象）、提观点（论点或问题），在这一部分参试者最好将题目要求中的第一个要点（一般为提出问题或观点）作为首段的内容之一；第二段剖析现象、分析论点，这也是全文的主体部分。在这一部分参试者需要将试题要求中的所有要点的内容都加以阐述和扩展，同时注意不要信马由缰的写一些与文章主题无关的内容以免被当作跑题处理；第三段为结论段，这一段的主要任务是为全文做一个结论性的终结，让文章显得完整和连贯。至于开头和结尾有无固定的套路可循.
英语作文的关键
作文是中学英语学习的重要内容之一，也是学生综合能力的体现。它与学生的词汇量、语法、句法能力和逻辑思维能力等有密不可分的关系，在高考中占有相当大的比重。而许多学生在此方面丢分甚多，以致影响最后总分，因此提高学生写作能力势在必行。如何提高学生的英语写作能力呢？
1.掌握基本句型、词组，加强基本功训练。
任何文章都是由句子组成的，句子又是由词组、基本句型构成的。要重视词、短语、句型的理解记忆，因此，书面表达要从词组、句型训练入手，强化基础知识。掌握好词组、基本句型，再配上合适的时态，一篇文章就基本完成。
由易到难，循序渐进练习写作。
句子是作文的基本单位，我们要有意识地进行连句成文的有步骤的训练。先把词汇写出来，然后巧用一些关联词连句成篇。在大量形式多样的简单句子中，要逐步学会用简单句子表达思想．并学会构写一个语段来表达连贯的思想。
针对句式单一，尝试多样化的表达方式。
学生从开始接触英语时就学到“主――谓――（宾）”或“主――系――表”结构。它是最基本、最常用，也是大部分学生唯一能够信手拈来的句型。但这种句式若从头至尾地贯穿于书面表达中，习作就显得单调乏味。怎样突破单一句式，使文章生动活泼、结构紧凑？我们可以学会运用以下表达方式：
（1）倒装句式和定语从句的运用：地点状语+谓语+主语（时态限于一般现在时和一般过去时）。该句型常用来描述物体方位，它比“there be”句型更令人印象深刻，结合定语从句的运用，使句子结构更加紧凑。
（2）动词非谓语形式的运用。动词非谓语形式的正确使用可使行文简洁、流畅。
（3）从句的运用。熟练掌握以下句型对写作帮助很大。
过了多久……(从句的动作)才发生：It will be +before +S+V.如：
It will be many years before nature can restore its balance.要过许多年，自然界才能恢复平衡。
从句的动作还没来得及做，主句的动作就发生了：S+V+ before +S+V. 如：
She rushed out of the room before I had time to explain.我还没来得及解释她就冲出了房间。
what引导的名词性从句。如：
What surprised (worried, disappointed, impressed…)me most is that….
What I need(want, worry about, hope…)is that….
(4)It is 形容词或过去分词+that—clause句型。
（5)It happened that+S+V句型。（碰巧发生什么事）。
(6)强调句型：It is(was)+被强调成分+that/who+句子的其它成分。如：It was in Australia that I picked up my English.
4.培养良好的学习习惯。对课文中优秀的对话和篇章要背诵熟读，多做翻译、改写和仿写练习。 要求每天记日记 。有机会去写自己身边的琐事，大胆地写，不受约束，想写什么就写什么，有什么就写什么。养成写日记的好习惯。
多读多记多练．打好语感基础。
“熟读唐诗三百首，不会吟诗也会吟。”英语也一样。在学习中大部分人总是摆脱不了汉语对英语学习的影响，习惯用汉语的思维方式去学英语，才会在写作中无从下手或写出一些句型错误的中式英语。只有多读多背，对英语的语言习惯才会熟悉起来．并且找到语感，写作时也才不会被汉语的思维习惯所干扰。
“读”即选读一些外刊的精晶短文，或各种题材的范文，这类．文章语言规范、地道．文字短小精悍，学了就能派上用场。除此之外还要求学生正确发出每个单词的音，流利读出每句英文，还要求学生正确理解每句英文的意思，为下一步“记”扫清障碍。“记”指记忆，即背诵。书面表达的困难就在于我们头脑中“汉语表达习惯”的“沉积层太厚”．要克服汉语干扰，彻底从学生的大脑中赶走“中国式英语”，依靠理解和熟读英语短文，是不够的．必须通过“背诵”才能使“英语表达法”深深印在学生的脑子里。
通过大量阅读来提高英语写作能力。
古人云：“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”、“口不绝吟于六艺之文，手不停披于百家之编”。可见，阅读量对表达能力的影响是直接的，阅读量越多，对表达能力的影响也越大。没有大量阅读，一切都是“空中楼阁”。大量的阅读英语文章有助于扩大词汇量丰富语言知识，增加语感，提高应运语言的能力，很多学生经常会想中文怎么写就会写．写出中文式英文，语法不通。所以通过大量阅读，逐渐地不会出现中文式英文。“大量阅读，高效写作”旨在培养学生的阅读能力和写作能力，即口头和书面表达能力。这里阅读是前提和基础，只有通过让学生大量阅读，积累丰富的经验，才能掌握灵活的英语写作方法，才能为表达奠定良好的基础。
总之．要提高学生的英语写作能力，就要培养学生良好的学习习惯，要重视词、短语、造句的理解记忆，对课文中优秀的对话和篇章要背诵熟读，多做翻译、改写和仿写练习。结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，才能写出准确、生动、规范的英语文章。
如何避免由于汉语思维导致的英语写作错误
对英语作文的典型错误进行分析既是检验汉译英水平的最佳方法，也是提高英语作文水平的最有效途径。在此我们充分展示一下错误分析的方法和作用。下面 列举的学生译文收入了学生们在练习和考试中普遍出现的、具有代表性的英语错误。我们要仔细对照原文，努力挑出其中的错误，并且学会改正它们。在这个过程 中，我们可以做一件非常有用的事，就是把找出的错误分门别类，然后根据自己容易犯的错误类型，有针对性地进行深入的英语学习和写作训练。
翻译错误 的出现不仅是因为水平有限，而且往往出于思维的惰性。把汉语原文的词语都变成英文词语，按一定顺序串成句子，确实已经让初学者费了不少脑筋。这时尤其要认 识到，写作过程远远没有结束。你还需要自问:词语是否译得恰当?要避免虚假对应;词语间搭配是否合适?要避免照搬汉语搭配;句子结构是否自然?要避免中式 英文和翻译腔。
需要说明的是，有一类常见错误这里没有列举，那就是英语单词的拼写问题。因为它属于英语学习的基础内容，与汉译英本身没有直接关系。但大家还是要充分意识到正确拼写的重要，勤查词典，避免此类错误的发生。
原作文
Chinese have the custom that they eat sweet dumplings made of glutinousrice flour and appreciate festive lanterns at the night of January 15.
错误分析
(1)少用冠词:“中国人”应该译为the Chinese (people)。再比较:“美国人”可译为Americans，而“日本人”必须加冠词，译为the Japanese.
(2)搭配不当:the custom that they eat…不通，应改为the custom of eating.. .。
(3)动词使用不当:appreciate为“赞赏”(to value or regard highly)之意，而原文中的“赏”意思应该是“观赏”(watch) .
(4)介词使用错误:原文指具体某一天的晚上，译文介词应由at改为 on(on the evening of)。
(5)不忠实于原文:January 15是公历一月十五日，而原文“正月十五”指阴历(lunar calendar)的一月十五日。
英语作文正确句子
The Chinese have the custom of eating yuanxiao(sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour) and watching festive lanterns on the fifteenth evening of the first lunar month.
单句写作是英语写作的基本功。在一个句子中，每个词语都和其它词语发生关系，互为语境，而句子本身则处于孤立状态。所以当我们翻译各个词语时，要做到相 互协调，前后一致，逻辑严谨;而当我们对句子做整体处理时，就享有一定灵活性，也许能够给出多种恰当的译法，而这些译法分别适用于不同的段落或篇章语境。 无论在词语的选择还是句子结构的处理上，我们对其适用范围都要作到心中有数.
