定義
英語單詞中由動詞原形轉變為過去式和過去分詞時不按詞尾加“-ed”之變化規則者叫做不規則動詞（irregular verbs）。
現代英語新生成的動詞都歸入“-ed”的規則變化，例如：
park→parked （停車——1864）
fax→faxed （以傳真傳送——1979）
e-mail→e-mailed （以電腦網絡傳送——1982）
（所附年次為最早用例出現年次——O.E.D.）
因此，不規則動詞可以說都是古英語動詞的不規則變化因其常用度很高而一直沿用到今天者，所以我們今天在學習英語時絕對無法規避，也不可能規避這些不規則動詞。
從英語的演變來看，不規則動詞就是強勢動詞（strong verbs）－－即其詞形變化全依其本身之語音（尤其是元音）變化來進行而不借助詞尾的變化。例如：
原形
過去式
過去分詞
|
buy（買）
bought
bought
|
sing（唱）
sang
sung
|
speak（講）
spoke
spoken
|
我們學習不規則動詞的時候，最有效的方法就是要針對這種詞形變化的現象，了解其變化的型式，發出聲音背念，使其能自然地融入我們的speaking和writing，這樣才能說确實地把不規則動詞學會了。
注：與強勢動詞相對，須借助“-ed”之詞尾來進行詞形變化的規則動詞就叫做弱勢動詞（weak verbs）。
分類表
AAA型
現在式、過去式和過去分詞同形，保持不變，除進行式外
詞例：
動詞原型
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
cost
cost
cost
花費
|
cut
cut
cut
割，切
|
hit
hit
hit
打
|
put
put
put
放下
|
read #
read
read
讀
|
hurt
hurt
hurt
受傷
|
let
let
let
讓
|
注：read的過去式和過去分詞的讀音與動詞原型的讀音不同。
AAB型
現在式和過去式同形
詞例：
動詞原型
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
beat
beat
beaten
打
|
ABA型
現在式和過去分詞同形
詞例：
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
come
came
come
來到
|
become
became
become
變
|
run
ran
run
跑
|
overcome
overcame
overcome
征服，打敗
|
ABB型
過去式與過去分詞同形
分為以下情形：
① 在動詞原形後加一個輔音字母d或t。
詞例：
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
burn
burnt
burnt
燃燒
|
learn
learned / learnt
learned / learnt
學習
|
mean
meant
meant
含義
|
hear
heard
heard
聽見
|
② 把動詞原形的最後一個輔音字母“d”改為“t”。詞例：
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
build
built
built
建築
|
lend
lent
lent
借
|
send
sent
sent
傳送
|
spend
spent
spent
花費
|
③ 其他不規則的各種變化。詞例：
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
pay
paid
paid
付錢
lay
laid
laid
下蛋
|
say
said
said
說
bring
brought
brought
帶來
|
buy
bought
bought
買
fight
fought
fought
戰鬥
|
think
thought
thought
思考
sleep
slept
slept
睡覺
|
feel
felt
felt
感覺
keep
kept
kept
保持
|
sweep
swept
swept
掃
stand
stood
stood
站
|
understand
understood
understood
理解
win
won
won
勝利
|
catch
caught
caught
抓住
teach
taught
taught
教
|
find
found
found
發現
get
got
got
得到
|
hold
held
held
握
leave
left
left
離開
|
make
made
made
制造
meet
met
met
遇見
|
shoot
shot
shot
射擊
dig
dug
dug
挖
|
smell
smelt / smelled
smelt / smelled
嗅，聞
shine
shone / shined
shone / shined
發光
|
sit
sat
sat
坐下
have
had
had
有
|
ABC型
三詞不同形，分為以下情形：
① 在動詞原形後加-n或-en 構成過去分詞 。
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
eat
ate
eaten
吃
fall
fell
fallen
落下
|
give
gave
given
給
take
took
taken
拿，記錄，拍攝
|
see
saw
seen
看見
write
wrote
written
寫
|
ride
rode
ridden
騎
drive
drove
driven
駕駛
|
throw
threw
thrown
抛，扔
blow
blew
blown
吹
|
grow
grew
grown
生長
know
knew
known
知道
|
show
showed
shown
展示
draw
drew
drawn
拉，繪畫，抽簽
|
② 過去式加-n或-en構成過去分詞。
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
speak
spoke
spoken
說話
|
break
broke
broken
破碎
|
choose
chose
chosen
選擇
|
forget
forgot
forgotten
忘記
|
freeze
froze
frozen
凝固
|
③ 把單詞在重讀音節中的元音字母“i”變成“a”（過去式）和“u”（過去分詞）。
動詞原形
過去式
過去分詞
意思
|
begin
began
begun
開始
|
ring
rang
rung
按鈴
|
sing
sang
sung
唱
|
sink
sank
sunk
沉
|
swim
swam
swum
遊泳
|
drink
drank
drunk
喝
|
常用荟萃
序号
不定式
過去式
過去分詞
|
1
abide
abode, abided
abode, abided
|
2
arise
arose
arisen
|
3
awake
awoke
awaked, awoken
|
4
be
was
been
|
5
bear
bore
borne, born
|
6
beat
beat
beaten
|
7
become
became
become
|
8
befall
befell
befallen
|
9
beget
begot
begotten
|
10
begin
began
begun
|
11
behold
beheld
beheld
|
12
bend
bent
bent
|
13
bereave
bereaved, bereft
bereaved, bereft
|
14
beseech
besought
besought
|
15
beset
beset
beset
|
16
bet
bet, betted
bet, betted
|
17
betake
betook
betaken
|
18
bethink
bethought
bethought
|
19
bid
bade, bid
bidden, bid
|
20
bind
bound
bound
|
21
bite
bit
bitten, bit
|
22
bleed
bled
bled
|
23
blend
blended, blent
blended, blent
|
24
bless
blessed, blest
blessed, blest
|
25
blow
blew
blown
|
26
break
broke
broken
|
27
breed
bred
bred
|
28
bring
brought
brought
|
29
broadcast
broadcast, broadcasted
broadcast, broadcasted
|
30
build
built
built
|
31
burn
burnt, burned
burnt, burned
|
32
burst
burst
burst
|
33
buy
bought
bought
|
34
cast
cast
cast
|
35
catch
caught
caught
|
36
chide
chided, chid
chided, chidden
|
37
choose
chose
chosen
|
38
cleave
clove, cleft
cloven, cleft
|
39
cling
clung
clung
|
40
clothe
clothed, clad
clothed, clad
|
41
come
came
come
|
42
cost
cost
cost
|
43
creep
crept
crept
|
44
crow
crowed, crew
crowed
|
45
cut
cut
cut
|
46
dare
dared, durst
dared, durst
|
47
deal
dealt
dealt
|
48
dig
dug
dug
|
49
dive
dived; (US) dove
dived
|
50
do
did
done
|
51
draw
drew
drawn
|
52
dream
dreamt, dreamed
dreamt, dreamed
|
53
drink
drank
drunk
|
54
drive
drove
driven
|
55
dwell
dwelt
dwelt
|
56
eat
ate
eaten
|
57
fall
fell
fallen
|
58
feed
fed
fed
|
59
feel
felt
felt
|
60
fight
fought
fought
|
61
find
found
found
|
62
flee
fled
fled
|
63
fling
flung
flung
|
64
fly
flew
flown
|
65
forbear
forbore
forborne
|
66
forbid
forbade, forbad
forbidden, forbid
|
67
forecast
forecast, forecasted
forecast, forecasted
|
68
foreknow
foreknew
foreknown
|
69
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
|
70
foretell
foretold
foretold
|
71
forget
forgot
forgotten
|
72
forgive
forgave
forgiven
|
73
forsake
forsook
forsaken
|
74
forswear
forswore
forsworn
|
75
freeze
froze
frozen
|
76
gainsay
gainsaid
gainsaid
|
77
get
got
got; (US) gotten
|
78
gild
gilded, gilt
gilded, gilt
|
79
gird
girded, girt
girded, girt
|
80
give
gave
given
|
81
go
went
gone
|
82
grave
graved
graven, graved
|
83
grind
ground
ground
|
84
grow
grew
grown
|
85
hamstring
hamstringed, hamstrung
hamstringed , hamstrung
|
86
hang
hung, hanged
hung, hanged
|
87
have
had
had
|
88
hear
heard
heard
|
89
heave
heaved, hove
hesved, hove, hoven
|
90
hew
hewed
hewed, hewn
|
91
hide
hid
hidden, hid
|
92
hit
hit
hit
|
93
hold
held
held
|
94
hurt
hurt
hurt
|
95
inlay
inlaid
inlaid
|
96
keep
kept
kept
|
97
kneel
knelt
knelt
|
98
knit
knitted, knit
knitted, knit
|
99
know
knew
known
|
100
lade
laded
laden
|
101
lay
laid
laid
|
102
lead
led
led
|
103
lean
leant, leaned
leant, leaned
|
104
leap
leapt, leaped
leapt, leaped
|
105
learn
learnt, learned
learnt, learned
|
106
leave
left
left
|
107
lend
lent
lent
|
108
let
let
let
|
109
lie
lay
lain
|
110
light
lit, lighted
lit, lighted
|
111
lose
lost
lost
|
112
make
made
made
|
113
mean
meant
meant
|
114
meet
met
met
|
115
melt
melted
melted, molten
|
116
miscast
miscast
miscast
|
117
misdeal
misdealt
misdealt
|
118
misgive
misgave
misgiven
|
119
mislay
mislaid
mislaid
|
120
mislead
misled
misled
|
121
misspell
misspelt
misspelt
|
122
misspend
misspent
misspent
|
123
mistake
mistook
mistaken
|
124
misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
|
125
mow
mowed
mown; mowed
|
126
outbid
outbid
outbid
|
127
outdo
outdid
outdone
|
128
outgo
outwent
outgone
|
129
outgrow
outgrew
outgrown
|
130
outride
outrode
outridden
|
131
outrun
outran
outrun
|
132
outshine
outshone
outshone
|
133
overbear
overbore
overborne
|
134
overcast
overcast
overcast
|
135
overcome
overcame
overcome
|
136
overdo
overdid
overdone
|
137
overhang
overhung
overhung
|
138
overhear
overheard
overheard
|
139
overlay
overlaid
overlaid
|
140
overleap
overleapt, overleaped
overleapt, overleaped
|
141
overlie
overlay
overlain
|
142
override
overrode
overridden
|
143
overrun
overran
overun
|
144
oversee
oversaw
overseen
|
145
overshoot
overshot
overshot
|
146
oversleep
overslept
overslept
|
147
overtake
overtook
overtaken
|
148
overthrow
overthrew
overthrown
|
149
partake
partook
partaken
|
150
pay
paid
paid
|
151
prove
proved
proved, proven
|
152
put
put
put
|
153
quit
quitted, quit
quitted, quit
|
154
read
read [red]
read [red]
|
155
rebind
rebound
rebound
|
156
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
|
157
recast
recast
recast
|
158
redo
redid
redone
|
159
relay
relaid
relaid
|
160
remake
remade
remade
|
161
rend
rent
rent
|
162
repay
repaid
repaid
|
163
rerun
reran
rerun
|
164
reset
reset
reset
|
165
retell
retold
retold
|
166
rewrite
rewrote
rewritten
|
167
rid
red, redded
rid, ridded
|
168
ride
rode
ridden
|
169
ring
rang
rung
|
170
rise
rose
risen
|
171
rive
rived
riven, rived
|
172
run
ran
run
|
173
saw
sawed
sawn, sawed
|
174
say
said
said
|
175
see
saw
seen
|
176
seek
sought
sought
|
177
sell
sold
sold
|
178
send
sent
sent
|
179
set
set
set
|
180
sew
sewed
sewn, sewed
|
181
shake
shook
shaken
|
182
shave
shaved
shaved, shaven
|
183
shear
sheared
sheared, shorn
|
184
shed
shed
shed
|
185
shine
shone
shone
|
186
shoe
shod
shod
|
187
shoot
shot
shot
|
188
show
showed
shown, showed
|
189
shrink
shrank, shrunk
shrunk, shrunken
|
190
shrive
shrove, shrived
shriven, shrived
|
191
shut
shut
shut
|
192
sing
sang, sung
sung
|
193
sink
sank, sunk
sunk; sunken
|
194
sit
sat
sat
|
195
slay
slew
slain
|
196
sleep
slept
slept
|
197
slide
slid
slid
|
198
sling
slung
slung
|
199
slink
slunk
slunk
|
200
slit
slit
slit
|
201
smell
smelt; smelled
smelt; smelled
|
202
smite
smote
smitten
|
203
sow
sowed
sown, sowed
|
204
speak
spoke
spoken
|
205
speed
sped, speeded
sped, speeded
|
206
spell
spelt, spelled
spelt, spelled
|
207
spend
spent
spent
|
208
spill
spilt, spilled
spilt, spilled
|
209
spin
spun, span
spun
|
210
spit
spat, spit
spat, spit
|
211
spoil
spoilt, spoiled
spoilt, spoiled
|
212
spread
spread
spread
|
213
spring
sprang, sprung
sprung
|
214
stand
stood
stood
|
215
stave
staved, stove
staved, stove
|
216
steal
stole
stolen
|
217
stick
stuck
stuck
|
218
sting
stung
stung
|
219
stink
stank, stunk
stunk
|
220
strew
strewed
strewn, strewed
|
221
stride
strode
stridden, strid
|
222
strike
struck
struck, stricken
|
223
string
strung
strung
|
224
strive
strove
striven
|
225
swear
swore
sworn
|
226
sweep
swept
swept
|
227
swell
swelled
swollen, swelled
|
228
swim
swam
swum
|
229
swing
swung
swung
|
230
take
took
taken
|
231
teach
taught
taught
|
232
tear
tore
torn
|
233
tell
told
told
|
234
think
thought
thought
|
235
thrive
throve, thrived
thriven, thrived
|
236
throw
threw
thrown
|
237
thrust
thrust
thrust
|
238
tread
trod
trodden, trod
|
239
unbend
unbent
unbent
|
240
unbind
unbound
unbound
|
241
underbid
underbid
underbid, underbidden
|
242
undergo
underwent
undergone
|
243
understand
understood
understood
|
244
undertake
undertook
undertaken
|
245
undo
undid
undone
|
246
upset
upset
upset
|
247
wake
woke, waked
woken, waked
|
248
waylay
waylaid
waylaid
|
249
wear
wore
worn
|
250
weave
wove
woven
|
251
weep
wept
wept
|
252
win
won
won
|
253
wind
wound
wound
|
254
withdraw
withdrew
withdrawn
|
255
withhold
withheld
withheld
|
256
withstand
withstood
withstood
|
257
work
worked, wrought
worked, wrought
|
258
wring
wrung
wrung
|
259
write
wrote
written
|
識記方法
（1）原形、過去式、過去分詞相同（A-A-A型）：
cast/cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/broadcast/burst/read/red/set/shut/spread/thrust/upset
（2）原形、過去式相同，過去分詞不同（A-A-B型）：
beat/beat/beaten
（3）原形、過去分詞相同，過去式不同（A-B-A型）：
come/came/come become/became/become
run/ran/run overcome/overcame/overcome
（4）原形不同，過去式，過去分詞相同(A-B-B)：
1.在動詞原形後加一個輔動詞d或t構成過去式或過去分詞。
2.把動詞原形的最後一個輔音字母“d”改為“t”構成過去式或過去分詞。
3.其他feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
leave/left/left smell/smelt/smelt
keep/kept/kept creep/crept/crept
kneel/knelt/knelt sweep/swept/swept
spell/spelt/spelt weep/wept/wept
catch/caught/caught fight/fought/fought
teach/taught/taught think/thought/thought
stand/stood/stood lay/laid/laid
understand/understood/understood pay/paid/paid
bleed/bled/bled say/said/said
feed/fed/fed stick/stuck/stuck
lead/led/led strike/struck/struck
meet/met/met tell/told/told
learn/learnt/learnt sell/sold/sold
learn/learned/learned win/won/won
burn/burnt/burnt wind/wound/wound
burn/burned/burned have（has）/had/had
deal/dealt/dealt hear/heard/heard
mean/meant/meant lean/leant/leant
dream/dreamt/dreamt lean/ leaned/leaned
bend/bent/bent shine/shone/shone
build/built/built shoot/shot/shot
lend/lent/lent show/showed/shown，
spend/spent/spent show/showed//showed
flee/fled/fled sit/sat/sat
speed/sped/sped lose/lost/lost
speed/speeded/speeded dig/dug/dug
spit/spit/spit hold/held/held
spit/spat/spat get/got/got（AmE gotten）
bring/brought/brought find/found/found
light/lit/lit make/made/made
light/lighted/lighted buy/bought/bought
（5）現在式，過去式，過去分詞都不同（A-B-C型）：
1.在動詞原形後加-n或-en構成過去分詞。
2.過去式加-n或-en構成過去分詞。
3.變單詞在重讀音節中的的元音字母“i”分别為“a”（過去式）“u”（過去分詞）。
drive/drove/driven blow/blew/blown
rise/rose/risen fly/flew/flown
wake woke/woken grow/grew/grown
do/did/done know/knew/known
go/went/gone throw/threw/thrown
see/saw/seen prove/proved/proven
eat/ate/eaten break/broke/broken
fall/fell/fallen choose/chose/chosen
give/gave/given freeze/froze/frozen
shake/shook/shaken speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken steal/stole/stolen
mistake/mistook/mistaken weave/wove/woven
forbid/forbad/forbidden begin/began/begun
forget/forgot/forgotten drink/drank/drunk
ride/rode/ridden ring/rang/rung
hide/hid/hidden sing/sang/sung
write/wrote/written sink/sank/sunk
wear/wore/worn swim/swam/swum
（6）相同動詞因其過去式、過去分詞有兩形式而産生不同詞義：
speed過去式、過去分詞有兩種：
sped/sped快行 speeded/speeded加速
light過去式，過去分詞有兩種：
lit/lit點着（表語） lighted/lighted供電，點燃的（定語）
shine過去式、過去分詞有兩種：
shone/shone/照耀 shined/shined擦亮
hang過去式、過去分詞有兩種：
hung/hung懸挂 hanged/hanged絞死
（7）drunken，stricken，sunken已轉為形容詞常作定語
a～ sot酒鬼 in a～manner搖搖晃晃地
（8）lie躺卧lay/lain/lying（現在分詞）
lie撒謊 lied/lied/lying
lay放，下蛋laid/laid/laying
（9）come，become，overcome屬不規則變化，但welcome屬規則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞為：welcomed，welcomed
（10）fly，blow不是規則變化，但flow（流）是規則變化，過去式、過去分詞為flowed，flowed.
（11） find發現 found found
found創建 founded founded
wind繞 wound wound
wound傷害 wounded wounded
see看見 saw seen
saw鋸 sawed sawed
bear作“出生”， 過去分詞有兩種：born，borne，
borne用于have之後及帶有by的被動句中；
born用于be born in/on/at中。
作“出生”，以外意義，其形式為bear/bore/borne忍受。
